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1.
日产VG30E发动机采用典型的电子控制废气再循环系统,其废气再循环系统的工作由微机集中控制系统(ECCS)根据相关传感器输入的信号进行控制。介绍了该系统的结构、工作原理及控制过程。在该系统的检修中,介绍了该系统工作情况的检查,控制阀的检修,电磁阀的检修,以及检修实例。 相似文献
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着重介绍《MARPOL 73/78》附则VI的起源和发达国家船舶柴油机氮氧化物(NOx)的排放控制技术发展状况,随着《MARPOL 73/78》附则VI的正式实施和今后国际海事组织(IMO)对《MARPOL 73/78》附则VI的进一步修订,船舶柴油机NOx的排放控制及其相关技术会受到包括轮机管理在内的相关人员越来越多的关注。 相似文献
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本文详细论述了列车运行数字仿真模型和基于仿真计算结果的运营指标的建模方法,并给出了仿真逄例也结果分析,以列车运行数字仿真的计算结果作为建模的基础数据具有一致性和可比性强,模型可靠且精度高的特点。本研究为铁路主要技术标准综合优化的推广使用奠定了必要的基础,具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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Reform of trucking Vehicle Weights and Dimensions (VWD) regulations in Canada is now underway. The effect these reforms will have on the freight transportation industry are only recently the subject of research. This paper is part of this new research effort, aimed at understanding how regulatory reform in the trucking sector will affect the existing competitive relationship between trucks and the railways. The paper presents the results of study and research into modelling the relationship between mode choice and the service characteristics that are affected by VWD reform.Using several periods of data, a series of econometric models are developed which help to elucidate the relative relationships between the mode service characteristics for both of the principal interprovincial freight modes. A technique is developed and presented to model railway user costs in order to overcome the complex and often unrepresentable pricing activities of Canadian railways.The strength of the developed econometric models is presented, including their significance and statistical reliability. This is further reinforced by the similarities exhibited by all the models in the series. The selected model is applied to predict market service responses required of the railway industry in order to compete with the trucking sector now adapting to the new regulations.The impact of the newly implemented vehicle weight and dimension reform on the rail transportation industry is analyzed and railway industry improvements aimed at maintaining its market share are presented. The results predicted by the model show that railway user cost reductions should be moderate, and likely less than the level of inflation over the period of time when trucking converts its fleet to take advantage of the new regulations.Abbreviations AASHTO
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
- CCMTA
Canadian Conference of Motor Transport Administrators
- EPI
End products, inedible commodity classification
- GVW
Gross Vehicle Weight
- NA
1988 VWD National Agreement
- RTAC
Roads and Transportation Association of Canada
- VWD
Vehicle Weight(s) and Dimension(s)
- WA
1988 VWD Western Agreement 相似文献
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Claudio Mazzoleni Hans Moosmüller Hampden D. Kuhns Robert E. Keislar Peter W. Barber Djordje Nikolic Nicholas J. Nussbaum John G. Watson 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2004,9(6):477-496
Carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NO) emission factors (EFs) are measured with a commercial vehicle emissions remote sensing system (VERSS) during a large-scale vehicle exhaust emissions study in Las Vegas. Particulate matter (PM) EFs are simultaneously measured for individual vehicles with a newly developed PM-VERSS based on ultraviolet backscatter light detection and ranging (Lidar). The effectiveness of CO and HC EFs as proxy for NO and PM EFs for spark-ignition vehicles is evaluated. Poor correlations were found between EFs for pollutants on an individual vehicle basis indicating that high EFs for one or more pollutants cannot be used as a predictor of high EFs for other pollutants. Stronger functional relationships became evident after averaging the EF data in bins based on rank-order of a single pollutant EF. Low overlap between the highest 10% emitters for CO, HC, NO, and PM was found. These results imply that for an effective reduction of the four pollutants, inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs, including clean screening, should measure all four pollutants individually. Fleet average CO and HC concentrations determined by gaseous VERSS were compared with fleet average CO and HC concentrations measured at low-idle and at high-idle during local I/M tests for spark-ignition vehicles. The fleet average CO concentrations measured by I/M tests at either idle were about half of those measured by remote sensing. The fleet average high-idle HC concentration measured by I/M tests was about half of that measured by VERSS while low-idle I/M and VERSS HC average concentrations were in better agreement. For a typical vehicle trip, most of the fuel is burned during non-idle conditions. I/M measurements collected during idling conditions may not be a good indicator of a vehicle’s potential to be a high emitter. VERSS measurements, when the vehicle is under a load, should more effectively identify high emitting vehicles that have a large contribution to the mobile emissions inventory. 相似文献